The manual contains information which is essential not only for a consultant at the cabinet for HIV test, but also for physicians at hospitals and polyclinics working with patients who are tested for HIV. Also the manual takes into account the Russian reality: nowadays it is quite possible for each doctor to work with HIV-infected patients or patients whose HIV-status is not stated with a probability to be positive. This manual is not a monograph on HIV-infection. The authors tried to be very detailed but brief on the issues that most commonly arise in patients who take HIV tests. Besides, the manual contains information about new method of working with patients - counseling. Some sections of this manual are developed not only for consultants: they maybe used for counseling patients and for developing separate information materials.